Google has unveiled an open protocol designed to serve as the foundation needed to enable AI agents to transact payments on behalf of users and merchants.
The tech giant has lined up more than 60 partners - including Adyen, Coinbase, Mastercard and PayPal - for the Agent Payments Protocol (AP2).
Agentic commerce breaks the assumption that today’s payment systems generally make that a human is directly clicking "buy" during a transaction.
Google says a protocol is needed to address this, providing the basis to prove that a user has authorised an agent to make a purchase; to enable a merchant to authenticate that the agent's request reflects the user's intent; and to determine accountability if a fraud or error occurs.
AP2 is designed to be an open, shared protocol that provides a common language for secure, compliant transactions between agents and merchants, helping to prevent a fragmented ecosystem. It also supports different payment types - from credit and debit cards to stablecoins and real-time bank transfers.
The protocol uses mandates - tamper-proof, cryptographically-signed digital contracts that serve as verifiable proof of a user's instructions. This, says Google, addresses the two primary ways a user will shop with an agent: real-time purchases where the human is present, and delegated tasks where the person is not present.
Google has also worked with Coinbase, Ethereum Foundation, MetaMask and others on an A2A x402 extension, a production-ready offering specifically for agent-based crypto payments.