With over 100 million users a year ago, PayTM was already ahead of its digital payment competitors before the Nov. 2016 demonetization of high value currency notes in India. On the back of the push for #CashlessIndia consequent
to #CurrencySwitch, the Alibaba-backed mobile wallet has increased its lead over its other mobile wallets (e.g. MobiKwik, PayZapp) and account-to-account money transfer apps
(e.g. UPI). Today, PayTM boasts 150M users (Source: Wikipedia).
Based on my personal experience and anecdotal evidence, I advance five reasons to explain why PayTM is miles ahead of its rivals.
#1. Ease of Onboarding Merchants
Merchants can sign up for PayTM without a bank account. They can receive money into their PayTM wallets without a bank account. They can even spend their wallet balance by shopping at other merchants that accept PayTM payments. It's only when they want to
cash out their money from their PayTM account that they need a bank account.
As a result, PayTM was / is able to sign up hundreds of thousands of merchants that don't have bank accounts. These merchants could sign up for PayTM as soon as they had a compelling need to accept cashless payments i.e. immediately after the demonetization
announcement, start accepting payments and visit banks later to open their accounts after their PayTM account balances started growing.
Contrast this with competing e-wallets, which insist that merchants link their bank accounts (or debit cards or credit cards) to their apps right at the time of installing them. As a result, financially-excluded merchants couldn't sign up for them when they
had a compelling need. PayTM's rivals lost this market to PayTM.
#2. Viral Distribution
When PayPal launched in the late 1990s, it incented existing users to send money to non users. When users sent money to their friends and family members (that were not on PayPal), PayPal sent them an email saying “Collect $$ by signing up for PayPal". This
give non-users a far more compelling reason to join PayPal than any direct advertising or PR efforts could have and generated a massive amount of viral distribution for PayPal.
PayTM has copied this approach. And has probably reaped the rich rewards à la PayPal.
Surprisingly, PayTM’s competitors haven't followed this approach. They insist that payments can be made only to people that have already signed up to their e-wallets. They probably think sending money to a non-user would be tantamount to putting the cart
before the horse. Indeed, it would. But, as I’ve said time and again, Putting Cart Before Horse Does Work (hyperlink removed to comply with Finextra Community Rules but this post will appear on top of Google Search results when searched by
the title). PayTM and PayPal get it. Their competitors don't. Instead, they put their prospective users at the mercy of their respective banks to gain signups.
To take UPI as an example, to receive payments, you need to have a Virtual Payment Address (VPA) from your bank. Assuming that you're thorougly sold on UPI and decide to create your VPN, you'll need to contend with your bank's systems to actually generate
one. This adds a big moving part, which doesn't always work. Just today, I got an SMS from my bank saying they can't issue new MMIDs - an integral part of IMPS, the payment rails on which UPI works - for the next five days. There's no guarantee that you'd
still be interested in UPI five days later.
#3. Feet On Street Approach
In the weeks following #CurrencySwitch, PayTM salespersons made daily rounds in retail hotspots asking storekeepers if they wanted PayTM.
I’ve seen this personally in my building storefront that’s dotted with tea shops, fruit stores, cigarette sellers and other micromerchants.
I've also heard more about PayTM's aggressive merchant acquisition drive from a couple of Uber drivers. According
to this cabbie who accepts PayTM on his personal name – PayTM is also Uber’s official digital payments partner - PayTM sales reps ride on their motorbikes up and down a street near Pune Airport where hundreds of Uber and Ola taxis are parked, asking drivers
if they want to sign up for PayTM. When a driver says yes, the rep connects the driver’s smartphone on his own 4G network using tethered WiFi hotspot, downloads the app, installs and onboards the driver on PayTM. All this in 5-10 minutes. Without being judgmental
about whether the driver is tech savvy or not. And at no data charges to the cabbie. This Uber driver is so conversant with PayTM’s merchant acquisition program that he actually knows the PayTM rep's sales quota (10 merchants a day)!
In sharp contrast, most competitors of PayTM haven't harnessed the power of feet-on-street to recruit merchants. Instead, they seem to expect merchants to sign up in self-service mode. An investor in one of these PayTM competitors actually said this in a MEDIUM
article:
"Merchants should be able to go to an Amazon or Flipkart site or a Croma store and just buy a terminal at their own cost and link their bank account and start accepting payments."
Well tried. Even if they’re tech-savvy, crazy busy merchants simply don’t have the time to shop for terminals and learn how to make them work - especially when they’re getting pampered by the nation's #1 mobile wallet company!
As a result, most micromerchants I’ve quizzed are not even aware of UPI, BHIM and other competing e-wallets.
#4. Frictionless Payments
By design or default, the Sign Out link in PayTM’s mobile app is buried deep inside the app. As a result, many users have never seen it and stay logged into their app all the time. This means they're able to make a payment without a password
or PIN.
This creates a significant security vulnerability in PayTM. But it also makes PayTM's CX that much more frictionless, which makes a lot of difference when people use it many times a day.
Security is a hygiene factor. Convenience trumps security. Everytime. Even in India.
PayTM has understood and capitalized on this element of consumer behavior. Its competitors have totally missed it.
#5. Miscellaneous
PayTM is very well funded and is able to spend big bucks on advertising as also absorb losses on virtually every transaction.
PayTM makes every effort to enhance UX. For example, as I’d highlighted in Hiding Your Secret Sauce, PayTM preloads its wallet
on the fly without user intervention. As a result, users wary of having to topup prepaid mobile wallets before initiating payments find the PayTM experience superior to that of other mobile wallets, which bump them off with a message asking them to load enough
money into their wallets first and then reattempt the payment.
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With the reasons for PayTM's lead over other e-wallets out of the way, let me come to its detractors who're predicting that PayTM and other prepaid mobile wallets will become extinct on the face of growing competition from BHIM, a government-sponsored m-wallet.
While I agree that PayTM's dominance is only a thing of the present, I think stories of PayTM's demise are grossly exaggerated.
That said, PayTM does face a few headwinds:
- Sustaining relationships with merchants with daily sales of INR 50K+. This category of merchants includes vegetable vendors and fruit sellers among others who find its cap (INR 20K per month without KYC, INR 100K per month with KYC) too low. I know at least
two merchants that have bailed out of PayTM for this reason. (Interestingly, they’ve gone back to cash, which suggests that PayTM’s competitors couldn’t recruit them either)
- Willingness of PayTM’s Chinese backer to fund the company's cashbacks and mounting losses.
As they say, past performance is no indication of future success. This maxim is as true for PayTM as any other company. Only time will tell how long India’s #1 mobile wallet will hold on to the top spot.
Full Disclosure: Other than being a user of PayTM - among other e-wallets - I have no personal or professional interest in the company.