Abstract – Journey from cash only transactions to less cash and thereafter if possible moving to cashless or digital money society. This journey looks very simple in textbooks or written on blogs or papers but ground reality can be very different. Along this trip people suffer tremendous setbacks, difficulties, mental pressure, harassment, starving nights (Inspite of having lots of money in hand). So for all those hassles does Case against Cash is required or Cash for Cash is required. Payment systems are pivotal in any economy given their role to facilitate the intermediation process, which is key to achieve financial stability. But will it eventually lead to a world of cash free transactions where coins and notes are replaced by bits and bytes and spending, earning, investing get updated in real time via smartphones. Regulators need to ensure that payment systems are operated safely, efficiently and soundly with effective consumer protection. Using digital money by choice for convenience verses forced to make digital transaction to meet basic needs has huge gap and that’s what is called as gap between less-cash to cashless. Bankclusion or Finclusion is the starting point for this journey. The need of the hour is an enabling ecosystem and change in consumer habits in a manner, which is acceptable. As of now cash is still The King of the World

Introduction – While moving to electronic there is strong need to create robust electronic payments platform, which is not vulnerable to frauds. How many people in a country has access to bank verses how many are bank-less and how many have access to bank but don’t use it for many reason. Gaps of such issues impact any economy at large. What happen in India on 8th Nov 2016 is remarkable achievement for digital money and over night moves towards cashless (Though very impractical). If we look this idea from removing back money prospective then again not a good idea as black money hoarders (20% out of 100% of Indian population) are not at all fearful. Let me give you my reasons for it with my own calculations. An official figure of cash currency discontinued (As technically this cant be called as demonitisation because INR 2000 (USD $29.4) currency paper came out against previous high value INR 1000 (USD $14.7) is 86% percent of cash in circulation in Indian economy. In 6 months if all 100% of 86% money comes back to bank then only 10% get penalized with 50% tax which means only 50% of 10% of 86% cash profit for RBI or government and only that much as loss to black money mafia.

Its has equal impact negative and positive both in long run and short term. Middle level business is almost dead or will be dead. Demonetization handles the stock problem. Once the short-term logistics around cash replacement are fixed, expect new restrictions on use of cash and continued curbs on cash withdrawals. These steps will continue to force behavioral change. Which means demonetization combined with GST (Indian Tax) will kill small and medium size enterprise. Many markets and products will see big brothers eating or sweeping away their business which are more organized and small players will almost out of business if not adopted the change. So it has mixed impact for short trem and long term. This is just start and anticipation out of this action this cant be completed without many many more complimentary actions attached to this in future so this whole thing will continue to next 5 to 7 years with diffrent measures. Interest rates on FD and deposits will fall north with 90 degree. Dollar will overshoot in short term. Inflation will go down from short to long term.

People have already invested their so-called black money in property, real estates, gold, bitcoin(Strange humm as bitcoin can not be purchased against cash directly), forex and paid back all long out-standing bills and loans.India eliminated 23 billion currency bills from circulation in an effort to fight tax evasion and corruption. November-2016 loan recovery for the entire Indian lending market was the record high in Indian history (91% plus). Some of the people have even paid for many months in advance along with clearing their long pending dues. Digital money is burdened with risks as well. Whereas physical cash leads to vulnerabilities of tax evasion, black money and fake currency; digital money is at risk from data leaks and identity theft online. As per the report from bloomberg; The value of dollars and euros in circulation has doubled since 2005, to $1.48 trillion and €1.1 trillion, respectively. Some of that growth can be explained by demand for these currencies in foreign countries, but there’s also plenty of evidence that Europeans and Americans are still carrying around wads of cash.

Main Story – In long run Indian idea of currency discontinuation (old INR 500 and INR 1000) might appear as revenue loss if calculating end-to-end cost starting from strategy to execution, capex investment, opex etc. At the same time other very strong motives about country security and nation interest are met and I salute and respect Indian government and Indian people for same. Feel very proud to be an Indian for this big step ever in history across the globe. Again I am not expert by any means in Indian financial market. I am more into African markets but with little experience, data and various reports on Internet helped me to write what I have written here. Our hard earned money and investments disappear into a labyrinth of financial instruments so mysterious that “money” almost becomes more of an idea than a tangible reality. On outside node or from another angle Government of India gave trouble to 80% of Indians to kill 20% bad minds. This is, in my view, taking a good thing too far. A country in which every desire of the bureaucracy was fully imposed upon the populace would not in my mind be a good, liberal nor happy one. In comparison looking at Venezuela President Nicolás Maduro on Sunday (11-Dec-2016) made announcement that the 100-bolivar note, which is currently worth only two US cents (1.6p) on the black market, will be withdrawn on Wednesday (14-Dec-2016). Venezuelans will then have 10 days to exchange the notes at the central bank may be required and long pending item. Demonetization has forced those who to date had no bank account to immediately open an account, and those who were already banked to increase the digital part of their financial exchange. Millions have lined up in front of banks. On 24 November, cash exchange became banned and people had only one option to get rid of old notes – to deposit them in banks. Already within ten days of Indian demonetization, more than 5 trillion rupees had been deposited as per rough calculations.

Easy availability of cash leads to corruption, which in turn hurts any economy around the globe and attractiveness for investors and businesses goes down. In today’s world FDI (Foreign direct investments) is major key or a golden key to boost economy. A world without physical cash wallets will kill all hopes for black money or opportunity of bribe on spot. So question of billion dollars is; can we really be a cashless society? A report produced by MasterCard advisors tracks how “33 major economies are progressing from cash-based to a less-cash society. With 80% of consumer spend now cashless, the US is approaching the tipping point, where it would join Belgium (93%), France (92%), Canada (90%) and other countries in the less-cash club. By contrast, what do cash economies look like? Indonesia and Russia both check in at 31%, with Egypt at 7%, but all are working hard to catch up.” The new research crunches and compares data on payment choices in Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the U.S. The study shows notable differences among these countries: Germans and Austrians carry around and use the most cash; the Dutch love debit cards; paper checks are still relatively common in France and the U.S. Digital transactions are a parallel mechanism, not a substitute, for cash transactions, and cashless economy is actually a less-cash economy, as no economy can be fully cashless or no cashless economy as on date across the globe. Though some of the economies are close enough.

A study of seven countries shows reports of the death of cash have been greatly exaggerated. To drive development and modernization of payment system in line with cashless economy informal sector can be the prime target. High cash usage results in a lot of money outside the formal economy, thus limiting the effectiveness of monetary policy in managing inflation and encouraging economic growth. Inefficiency & corruption get nourished; high cash usage enables corruption, leakages and money laundering, amongst other cash-related fraudulent activities. Key driver for this is reduce the cost of banking services (including cost of credit) and drive financial inclusion by providing more efficient transaction options and greater reach. It won’t trigger finance charges or overdraft fees. Country specific dream goal of being amongst the top economies by and an efficient and modern payment system is positively correlated with economic development, and is a key enabler for economic growth. To improve the effectiveness of monetary policy in managing inflation and driving economic growth cashless transactions plays vital role. In addition, the cash policy aims to curb some of the negative consequences associated with the high usage of physical cash in the economy. Cash cost is generally very high in the value chain for an example; from printing to central banks to banks to corporations and traders; everyone bears the high costs associated with volume cash handling. Cash comes with high risk as it encourages robberies and other cash-related crimes. It also can lead to financial loss in the case of fire and flooding incidents.

Cashless or less-cash is very interesting scenarios and idea as value of cash increases in many regions more than GDP and problem starts. Central bank rules and regulations strive for optimization of the cash value chain provided support is given by each and every citizen to enrich the noble idea. Educating citizens in market through various channels religiously is a key success factor. Technology development enables cost reduction efforts within cash value chain with support from regulators. New trends in cashless payments should not even partially compete with other means of cashless payments rather than with cash otherwise cash remains competitive. Half of small transactions (less than $50) are made in cash. At the current rate of decline, cash will be a major form of payment for the next 200 years. As mentioned before in this post about issue on easy cash availability its been said that cash is anonymous and largely invisible to both tax collectors and debt collectors. And perhaps its biggest practical advantage is that it offers a tangible way of keeping track of your spending in real time, working even when your phone’s battery is dead. That may be why, in all seven countries, the study found low-income people were far more likely to use cash than high-income consumers.

Conclusion – Is Cash Really More Expensive to Manage Than Cashless? If both physical and digital cash have their costs, then what is the point of tackling the costs of cash and advocating for a “less-cash” or a cashless society?. Why do we need cash If not for lemonade stands or small food/drink item from road side small tuck shop and baggage handlers, we might go months without actually touching a currency bill. How cashless do we need to be before it’s official? The loss through tax avoidance is enabled by a primarily cash economy. Cashless society wouldn’t be an unmitigated blessing in any case, could lead to an unacceptable degree of government control. Controlling our daily life to the point where you might be rejected or declined to buy what you want to. We presented the facts with cold, hard numbers above, and leave it up to readers to reach their conclusion. But a word of caution from the authors here to every reader out there; next time you want to enthusiastically say that cash is more expensive to manage than cashless, think again. Next time you get excited about enabling tap-to-pay with NFC phones, be careful what you wish for. A cash payment may well be better for your bottom line.